The Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray Essays

The Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray Essays The Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray Paper The Courtship and Marriage Customs of the Waray Paper THE COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE CUSTOM OF THE WARAY J. Colima Bajado The Philippines as a whole abounds in quaint marriage customs and traditions. Written literatures from Fr. Pedro Chirino (1590s), Blair and Robertson, to Gregorio Zaide describe the pre-Spanish marriage customs of the Philippines. More writers like Fay Cooper Cole, John Finley, C. R. Moss and John Garvan have written on the courtship and marriage rituals of the various tribes in the country. On the marriage customs of the Warays, some vernacular writers like Iluminado Lucente and Juan Ricacho have written plays portraying the marriage customs and practices of the region. Younger generations in the Samar-Leyte region may not even know how their great grandfathers won the hands of their great grannies, in relation to the present  Ã¢â‚¬Å"wer na u, dito na me†Ã‚  trend. The Illiterate Way of Courtship This kind of courtship has been practiced until the early 1900s. According to the narrations of Msgr. Alberto Almarines (1960s), illiterate young men in the rural areas, particularly in the hinterland sitios, observe this way of courtship passed to them by their great grandparents. Since they cannot read and write, actions, signs, signals, and even mimicries are flashed as costumarily understood to mean love. The man takes out an  inarmidol (crisply starched) white handkerchief and waves it to the woman, who could only give concealed glances. Then the man will kiss the handkerchief and put it over his chest. This is done when the young man does not have the chance to talk to the girl. If the girl accepts the love offered, she smiles and nods. When she frowns, she declines the offered affection. And when her face is expressionless, she does not yet know the answer. When she accepts, the man will then ask her hand for marriage. When she shows indifference, he will either wait for the ight time or simply forget her. The Kulalisi Courtship This type of courtship commences as a game, and concludes for real. Kulalisi  (sometimes spelledculalisi), is a game played after the nightly prayer for nine days of  lamay  (wake). Unmarried men and women gather in the house of the deceased to say the prayers, after which, the kulasisi game follows to console the bereaved family. The kulalisi game is a battle of wits between men and women. One of the elders in the house will act as  Hadi  (king) that will pair a man and a woman suspected or teased as sweethearts. The challenge to a  luwa  (verse) is cast by one who wins the draw using a shell called  buskay. Then the â€Å"luwa† or battle of words (somewhat like Balagtasan), and rhymes, and debates starts. If the challenger is a man and the challenged woman fails to outwit him, the reward is a â€Å"make-believe† marriage solemnized by the Hadi. If the man is outwitted by the woman, he becomes the woman’s slave and will do whatever the woman desires to let him do, for that night. Most of the â€Å"married† pairs in  culalisi  games become real partners for life. This kind of courtship has been commonly practiced up to the early 1900s. Tthe courtship through Panharana (Serenading) Wooing a woman by  panharana  is commonly practiced in the whole region up to the late 1990s; some even still practice this in other parts of the region, like Maydolong, Eastern Samar, up today. Serenading is a time-honored way of expressing one’s love and adoration to the accompaniment of a guitar, violin or other string and wind instruments. Moonlight nights are the perfect time for serenade. A man sings  kundiman  (love song) that is rich in lyrical beauty, appreciation of nature and profound sentiment of affection. A suitor who knows how to play a guitar serenades his admired woman by himself, for this is a rapport in his singing of love songs. A group of men serenades when the suitor cannot accompany himself in singing his love songs. The song  Mituo Ako  (I Believe) is once a popular serenade song in the Cebuano speaking part of the region, while Iluminado Lucente’s  Gihilom Ko  (I Secretly Bear) in the Waray speaking parts. While  panharana  is still practiced today, the town of Dagami in the province of Leyte once regulated its practice in the 1960s due to some stealing events resulted from serenading. While some were singing, others were stealing chickens, and other things. Serenading was then allowed from ten to twelve in the evening only. The Balata Courtship This type of courtship is one of the queer ways of wooing. This traditional practice is resorted to by the rich families. This is very common especially in the â€Å"capital† of the different provinces of the region such as Tacloban, Carigara, Palo, Biliran, Ormoc, Catarman, Calbayog, Catbalogan, Maasin and Borongan. In  balata, the parents of the bride and the groom agree to have their children married in accordance with their arrangement. It is the custom of the upperclass families through their exclusive formed groups. They hold week-end parties among themselves by turns. In the midst of the merry making, especially when they are already a bit tipsy, the betrothal of their children takes place. Although often started as a joke, the  balata  eventually becomes a serious matter involving  amor propio  and  palabra de honor. Usually, it is the parents of the male child who makes the proposal to the parents of the girl to have their children married when they reach the marriageable age. They mutually plan and finance the wedding of their children, give equal dowries of property such as land, livestock, jewelry, and cash with which their children will start their married life. They also agree with the kind of wedding, the grandeur, and the bands to play music, and all other things to make the wedding memorable. The day of the wedding is usually scheduled on the day the boy reaches his sixteenth year. Not all  balata  betrothal are negotiated and agreed upon during drinking sprees. Most of â€Å"balatas† results from the desire of both parties to insure the economic and financial stability of their children. The parents keep the betrothal of their children to themselves until the time comes when it is necessary to reveal it to their children. The betrothed are warned that refusal to comply with their pledge will bring their families dishonor and disgrace and the wrath of heaven will fall on them. Choice by parents This kind of courtship deprives young lovers from their right to choose their partners. The parents select their children’s life partners. Wealth and character or â€Å"urbanidad† as the parents fondly stress are the factors their prospective sons and daughters-in-law should possess. The boy’s parents look around for the girls who meet their criteria. Their search for girls extends to other towns and places where their friends and acquaintances live. They mark their choices for observation and preliminary selection. The girls’ parents base their selection on the same grounds. Their children are simply informed of their plans and tell them to abide to it. Usually, three possible candidates are chosen, the other two are reserves or alternatives. When they arrive at a choice, the courting begins. Courting through the Parents Courting a woman through her parents is another way of wooing. In this type of courting, the young man picks the girl and enlists the help of her parents. This is often resorted to when the girl does not reciprocate the boy’s feeling, or when her parents are very jealous. The young man and his parents will befriend the girl’s parents. The young man do manual works in the house of the girl, serves the girl’s parents, and do everything to please them. He put his best foot forward to impress, and eventually, gain their admiration and sympathy. A Back to Back Overview Perchance, it is not really the type of courtship that matters, after all. It is the sound of love that makes two lovers dance in harmony to its tune. As Rachel Gordo Maravilla’s  siday  says: Bis’ anu pa iton nga kaporma, Bis’ pa it yinaknan nagkakairiba, Kay iton karuyag boot sidngon, Amo manta gihapon. Bisan hin-o ha bug-os nga kalibutan, Tanan masayaw, Kon tukran na an kasing-kasing Han sonata Han Gugma. J. Colima Bajado graduated from University of the Philippines Tacloban with the degree in Political Science. He writes more on the revival of Waray history and culture, and has been bestowed various awards in his writings. He is currently the Cultural Editor of Gahum Weekly.

14 Weirdest College Christmas Trees

14 Weirdest College Christmas Trees It’s not that college students don’t love Christmas or take it seriously. That’s not the case at all. The issue is that due to financial restraints some people are forced to get creative. Like a Marine, they must adapt and overcome, and use whatever they have at their disposal. What you end up with are these 14 weirdest college Christmas trees. 1. An Elaborately Decorated Traffic Cone Hey, it’s kind of the same shape as a tree, right? They’re handy and sitting in the road, or perhaps half buried in dirt in the front lawn. Why not just grab some tape, a string of lights and maybe a roll of dental floss and voila, Christmas Cone Tree. 2. The Almighty Beer Bottle Christmas Tree Many have tried, but few succeed. In reality, pulling off an impressive beer bottle tree is hard to do. How many college kids does it take? No one knows yet. Search around the net though and you’ll discover the beer-tree creation is a science (should be a degree option). 3. A Majestically Stacked Pizza Box Tree There’s at least 30 of them all stacked neatly in the corner behind the thing (otherwise known as the love seat sofa), so why not put them to good use? It all comes down to stacking, super glue and then all the many adornments laying around the house. 4. The Keg Tree You’ll need about 20 kegs to pull off a monster keg tree. Stacking them is simple and then decoration is cake walk. Lights galore, and to finish it off perhaps a single light within a Jgermeister bottle (festive green of course)? 5. Walk Outside Grab a Twig When all else fails simply walk outside, grab the nearest branch with foliage still clinging to it (Pine is ideal) and then stick it a bottle, tac it to a wall, or whatever it takes. That right there is a classic dorm room tree, worth of center window placement. 6. The Textbook Tree What else are they good for? Plus, they’re heavy and won’t be missed, unlike the pizza boxes. You can use them to hold lights in place but getting ornaments to hang from them is a bit tricky. 7. Traffic Cone + Branch Tree Combining a traffic cone with a branch is another epic strategy for the â€Å"staying on-campus this year† Christmas student. Like putting peanut butter and bananas together, it just works. 8. Blowup Dino-Tree They’re green with spots and come with plenty of things to hang thing from. Plus, the plastic is thick enough to where you can tape all kinds of festive things (popcorn strings anyone?) on them. Who doesnt love a quality blowup Dino-tree? 9. Air freshener from a Stick Tree Grab one of those timeless, and fresh scented, air fresheners that already come in the shape of a Christmas tree and dangle it from a stick. In college you have to be open minded. Where you might see an air freshener hanging on a string from a stick, the roomies consider it the equivalent to Time Square’s Christmas tree. Lighting it is a problem though. 10. The Disappearing Dorm Hall Tree It’s there one minute and then quite suddenly it disappears. What’s with that? Doesn’t it defeat the purpose? In case you’re wondering, we’re attempting to get you to infer that the tree was stolen. It happens every year, but every year the dorms have to have their own trees. 11. Any Tree Made in The Lab If the tree was concocted or conjured up in a lab on or off campus, then it definitely belongs in this list. If the person creating the tree is wearing protective eye goggles or even a torch mask, then chances are it could end up being more of a hazard than anything else. 12. Toaster + Branch If there’s never any toast around anyway, why not put it to good use. Hey, it plugs in and they can hold not one but two small Christmas Tree twigs without a problem. 13. Thumb Tacs + Short Light String This is for the more artistic Christmas lovers out there. You buy a string of Christmas lights and then use thumb tacs to put it on the wall in the shape of a tree. If the wall paper is green, or festive, then that right there is an epic tree. 14. Christmas Tree Ladder Like the traffic cone, ladders come pre-molded for use as Christmas trees. Throw a green blanket around it, tape some lights into it, maybe even some tinsel and you’re golden! These are some of our favorites, but we know there’s so many more fabulous trees. The lengths that some of us will go to celebrate the Christmas spirit never ceases to amaze. If you still dont know how to celebrate Christmas, here youll find amazing Christmas party ideas. How about it, what kinds of weird Christmas trees have you seen or created?

Contemporary Tourism Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contemporary Tourism Trends - Essay Example 1), who refers to vacations in the 21st century as ''Das gekaufte Paradies'' (the bought paradise), the tourism industry is increasingly subsuming the identity of an ''experience industry'', with tourists willing to pay tourism organizers to help find optimal experiences within the limited time available. Opaschowski (2001) suggests that tourists are looking for emotional stimuli they want to buy feelings and not products. They want to personally experience the immaterial qualities, seeking ambience, aesthetics and atmosphere, looking for an experience full of varying intimacies, intensities and complexities. Cultural tourism such as the trip to Bath Since experiencing the 'other' is the great motivational factor in cultural heritage tourism, the search for unspoilt cultures inevitably becomes a natural choice because cultures unknown to or not yet experience by these seekers exist but constantly face the wipe out from modernization. The anxiety and eagerness intensifies that the chance to experience these cultures as pure as they are in the beginning can no longer be available if another day is let pass, so the increase to these areas will increase. Over the past years, trends in tourist demand and consumer behavior have revealed that tourists want to visit cultural and historical sites as well as to explore regions and landscapes as a whole. Tourists select destinations not based only on climate, art and historical heritage, human landmarks and environmental activities, but also according to eno-gastronomic resources. Tourist demands are increasingly shaping the gastronomic supply, meaning the potential of wine and gastronomic products has in Bath's national market and across. In many European countries, wine and gastronomic tourism seems complex and variegated, but also dynamic and rich in social, cultural and economic implications (Antonioli Corigliano, 1996a). According to Wearing (2002, p. 243), the tourist in the 21st century is ''searching for new and exciting forms of travel in defiance of a mass-produced product'' yet without ''actually having to involve themselves in any way'', a reflection of increasing commodification and depersonalization within modern and post-modern society (Beck, 1999; Giddens, 1999; MacCannell, 1976). Commodification has changed tourism experiences in the 21st century from that of the traditional search for the totally unknown, the utmost challenging and dangerous to that of safety and comfort, to that of ''gaze'' but also embodiment beyond individual's onsite experience. With commodification, the cultural experience is no longer authentic (Birgit Trauer, 2006). Authenticity is generally regarded as the highest importance for tourists interested in heritage (Moscardo & Pearce, 1986; Timothy & Boyd, 2003). A way to preserve such a goal is to facilitate the tourists to involve in exploring and searching by their own initiations without the need for interaction with any of the staffs. One of the challenges the managers face is the low degree of interaction with staff. As the visitor has a limited contact with staff, necessarily to make the visitors feel 'warm and exciting' (Schmenner, 1995) and this will involve detailed

Persuasive Essay - A Persuasive Essay on the Writing Knowledge That is Required For Different Career Fields

Persuasive Essay - A Persuasive Essay on the Writing Knowledge That is Required For Different Career FieldsI'm going to share with you a persuasive essay on the writing knowledge that is required for the different career fields. The purpose of this article is to show you what information you'll need and why you should consider these in your college essays.Writing for the past year has taught me two things. One, you can not be creative enough without having an understanding of the writing skills. Two, knowing how to express yourself eloquently will definitely help you when you start your next job.The first thing I learned is how easy it is to be able to communicate without being able to state a clear argument. The whole point of any writing assignment is to use the ideas in your mind. You should try to be able to make them communicate to the reader. But if you cannot express yourself clearly, how will you ever reach your goal?So why do you need knowledge about this? Well, there are a number of reasons that you will want to consider. In college, a lot of times students can write very well. So they do not have to worry about being successful in their career choices. However, most times, they will probably end up in the wrong career because they don't have the proper writing skills.It's actually very easy to get the essay back on track if you do some extra work. For example, you might want to rewrite the essay or add some examples. If you take care of this simple writing process, you can get the college essay back on track.Using a persuasive essay is about making sure that you make every sentence, paragraph, and even the whole essay interesting. The writing skill helps you bring the reader into the conversation. However, if you don'tuse the correct style and language, you won't help them either. So a skill that is good for writing is also good for communicating.You should never shy away from writing, but it should never come at the expense of other skills like read ing, writing, and listening. This is something that a lot of people who know about writing know. And there is no better proof than someone else's essay.

The Recently Leaked Secret to Sample of Research Paper Disclosed

The Recently Leaked Secret to Sample of Research Paper Disclosed Finding the Best Sample of Research Paper Many times, a distinction between both research types is framed with respect to using close-end questions rather than the open-ended ones or using words rather than numbers. The exploration of the internet brand experience and its chief dimensions would be also the most important object of the qualitative study to be undertaken as a member of the upcoming research. A research paper is a very long kind of written document related to the definition of results from a person's extensive research about a particular topic. The previous objective of the paper might be to create a theoretical model of the on-line brand experience in view of the aforementioned findings. Research Paper isn't a task for a single day. The assigned research paper writer will provide you with good text you can be pleased with. Not all research paper topics are made equal, and you would like to guarantee you opt for a terrific topic before you commence writing. A paper is always simpler to write if you're interested in the subject, and you're going to be more motivated to do in-depth research and compose a paper that truly covers the whole subject. When you're writing your research paper's introduction, you ought to be building it around a particular outline that supplies a general review of the paper. Presenting a research paper is rather different from a talk or another presentation. Key Pieces of Sample of Research Paper Some of the greatest research paper introduction samples consist of primary resources supporting the argument or research of the issue. It needs proper approach, valuable source of information, proper referencing is a must in a good research work. Just like when utilizing a drafting paper template, you also need to be certain that your research paper is straightforward, detailed, and informational. A research paper consists of a study that normally starts with the invention of a research paper outline. Most Noticeable Sample of Research Paper Ensure your introduction isn't too wordy. As you read the info in your bibliography, you will want to take notes. You may have to use a surrogate (somewhat related) topic in order to fill out the literature review. The research will make it possible for you to find content on the matter and boost your knowledge of the topic. The Sample of Research Paper Pitfall A couple are still students. Consequently, it's important for students to learn about the practice regardless of the opinions that you may have towards it. Generally speaking, students don't like writing research papers, especially if they're quite long. Some students simply don't have sufficient knowledge for a definite job. Among the most simple and totally free solutions is getting acquainted with examples online. Such approach enables us to cl aim our service can offer the very best high quality research paper help it's possible to find today on the web. Now, you may personally observe the sorts of services put for sale and decide on the suitable writer. If you by chance get services from our essay writing company, count that you'll get improved grades at any price tag. From them you will come across aids of all kinds out there. There are particular things you want to look after. Concentrate on the things on which you've worked on. The Fight Against Sample of Research Paper Whether there are any main limitations of your work, it is possible to also mention this in brief within the introduction. Should you need an outline for research paper example, it's no problem for us. Also, you will discover an explanation of each component in the square box. If you take a close look at research paper outline examples, you will observe there are several tactics to present the principal body. Sample of Research Paper Secrets That No One Else Knows About Furthermore, the freedom of a person or citizen of the United States of america has been given due importance during different processes of decision-making. Many species residing in Hawaii are caused by thousands of years of island biodiversity. Family institution plays an extremely important function i n giving stability to society.

What Do You Write on a College Essay - the Story

What Do You Write on a College Essay - the Story The rules for writing an excellent essay are not any different. Keep in mind, a superb essay like every fantastic story ought to have a start, middle and end. If you're given the subject, you ought to think about the sort of paper that you wish to produce. The title should not just sell your essay in a couple of words but in addition provide a notion about the main point that you're going to make through the essay. If you're looking for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. Write as though you are talking to the reader. Our writers have completed several papers of top quality. Reread your essay like you don't have any idea precisely what the writer is speaking about. The point is quite crucial in writing college application essays, you can also learn about writing a prosperous college application essay to find out more. The sad reality is that almost all college application essays are not so great. If you're applying to college for the very first time, it is likely that you have to compose a college essay. To learn about essays, it's important to see why essays are such an important portion of academics. Unlike other kinds of homework, essays might be true problem for virtually any student. Nowadays you know what things to write about in a college essay and are prepared to do it! Because the college essay isn't the identical type of essay that you write for your high school English teacher, it doesn't need to have the common essay introduction, which gives a thesis statement. Even when you're only applying to a few schools that you know that you may get into, it will nonetheless serve you well to compose a compelling admissions essay. Don't forget that the objective of a college admissions essay is to aid admissions officers get to know you. For college applications, you can want to have a 10-step course on college application essay writing to find out more. Fine, but you must be ready to write whatever you truly feel like writing from a college that might not be your first alternative. The essay is where to permit the admissions office of your intended college get to understand your personality, character, and the talents and techniques that aren't on your transcript. The admissions officers want to learn you've achieved a degree of literacy such that you've got a good command of grammar, sufficient vocabulary, and the capacity to organize your thoughts so that it is possible to communicate them effectively to others. Even if the prompt is about a p ersonal experience, they will still want you to reflect a level of awareness and understanding that goes beyond the obvious. Too many college applicants become caught up trying to write whatever is in their essay. Moreover, thousands of high school seniors all over the country have begun the practice of filling out college applications. Also, don't forget that no college is eager to admit a person who is too close-minded to gain from being taught by other people. Most students respond that manner. The One Thing to Do for What Do You Write on a College Essay If you neglect to follow the easy MLA (Modern Language Association) instructions on the best way to format your essays, the examiners will believe you don't even have the ability to follow simple instructions properly. For instance, a why us essay might chat about how very interesting XYZ interdisciplinary project is and the way it fits nicely with your senior project. College application essays are often the most diffic ult portion of the application practice. To stick to the straightforward MLA (Modern Language Association) instructions on the way to format your essays, the examiners will believe you don't even have the ability to follow simple instructions properly. Topics like death and divorce are cautionary since they can be exceedingly challenging to write about. Especially if you're applying to a college that is much away from your house, admissions officers wish to realize that you'll be happy in both the academic environment and the location of the school.

Knowing a foreign language means much more than knowing words and the Essay

Knowing a foreign language means much more than knowing words and the rules to combine them - Essay Example Knowing a foreign language means much more than knowing words and the rules to combine them Since I know that words and grammar alone would not be necessary, I would have to find out the exact meanings behind what I intend saying or communicating. This is because people will look up to me when I make use of the foreign language. Then again, my comprehension is such that the context receives more significance because it is something that shall put words into proper play (Bissell 1989). It will teach me where to use what and how to make things work as far as my communication domains with a foreign language is related. I will master such concerns easily when I exactly know where I am lacking and what efforts I am making to reach the intended destination. My plan is to have as less mistakes as possible so that my concentration is based on solid footing. It will allow me to experience my own nuances and comprehend things that are significant from second language adoption mechanisms. I am confident that my plan shall see the light of the day if I remain headstrong and consistent because learning a foreign language is always seen as a difficult task. Many people have avoided such a realm within their fore and my learning would not be taken as an exception. Then again, I will give my best to make sure that my plan meets success. What is even more pivotal is the fact that I shall learn new things along the way, which on any given day is a positive for me. I am supremely confident of my abilities and skills as this is the reason why I am consistently moving ahead. Even though it is always a good sign to know the rules of the foreign language, the fact of the matter is that learning a new language requires patience, empathy and understanding by all concerned, and not just the learner himself. Some believe that it is an easier task than people think it to be, this is not reality in the sheerest sense. The need is to find out how people adapt towards learning a new language which is foreign more than anything else. I will make sure within my plan to remain as clos e to the context as possible because this is something that will win me favors anytime. If I remain stuck on to the contextual details, my learning of the foreign language will be done easier (Kelm 2003). But if I lose track somehow, there would be a number of problems as far as learning is related. It will make me feel disjointed with the foreign language that I am trying my best to master. I will do everything within my grasp to comprehend the rules and dictum that this new language brings and try to relate the same with what I have learned within other languages in the past. For me, the foreign language will not only be a language but also a way of life, a different cultural manifestation that I shall get to know within the future. I am certain that this will go a long way in detailing what is deemed as my strength and what shall remain as something that I have still to gather in the coming times. As far as my particular emphasis is concerned, I will focus on getting on to the co ntext more than mere grammar and spellings. I will also give secondary importance to sentence structure but what would remain quintessential is how I shall take up the context under which the foreign language is being learnt. I will follow up my plan by being vigilant and focusing more on what I need to learn along the way. This will mean that I shall derive support and encouragement from the people who already know the foreign langu